PROBLEMS OF PRE-TRIAL INVESTIGATION OF VIOLATIONS OF FIRE OR TECHNOGENIC SAFETY REQUIREMENTS ESTABLISHED BY LAW
Анотація
Abstract. The article outlines problematic issues in the pre-trial investigation of violations of fire and technogenic (man-made) safety requirements established by law. Based on the results of studying investigative and judicial practice in investigating such violations, consistent trends and their causes have been identified, with a focus on the repetitive nature regarding some of them. The paper summarizes the causes of fires and technogenic accidents. Risk factors for fires and technogenic emergencies have been identified. Types of technogenic threats have been highlighted, and the stages of emergencies have been characterized. It is noted that the main structural element of a violation of fire or technogenic safety requirements is the actions or inaction of the person responsible for their compliance. Another important aspect is the cause-and-effect relationship between such violations and the circumstances that contributed to the occurrence of a fire or technogenic hazard. Understanding the cause-and-effect relationships that lead to the occurrence of an emergency in specific conditions will help the investigator in constructing investigative versions, identify key circumstances and events that need to be established, as well as determine the main direction of the investigation, collect and verify the necessary evidence, compile a list of persons who should be identified and questioned, and determine the list of necessary expert examinations. The main technogenic hazardous facilities located on the territory of Ukraine are considered. The factors of danger that may arise in the event of a violation of man-made safety for each man-made hazardous facility are identified. The statistical data of the Office of the Prosecutor General on the indicators of criminal violations under Article 270 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine and the results of their pre-trial investigation during the period of martial law are analyzed. A study of judgments under Article 270 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine in the Unified State Register of Court Decisions made it possible to determine the possibility of staging violations of fire safety requirements. The factors that complicate the pre-trial investigation of such criminal offenses were identified, and the objective and subjective factors that hinder the investigation of violations of fire or man-made safety requirements established by law were classified.
Keywords: criminal proceedings; fire and technogenic (man-made) safety rules; judicial statistics; typification; systematization; risk factors.
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