Problematic Aspects of Criminological Juvenology
Abstract
The article provides the aspects of protection of the rights, juvenile offenders as a complex social phenomenon and the prevention of crimes committed by minors, and in relation to them. The conceptual apparatus of criminological juvenology, the issue of juvenile criminal policy, juvenile criminal justice, as well as methods of victimological prevention of crimes against minors are disclosed. The purpose of the article is to analyze the ways of the international community iabout protecting of the rights and legitimate interests of minors, increasing the effectiveness in combating the crime. The main achievements of juvenile criminal policy, the elements of which are: juvenile criminal justice (the central link is the juvenile courts); juvenile criminal process; juvenile criminal law; criminological juvenology; Juvenile Criminal Execution Law. The development of criminological juvenology as a sub-sector of the criminological science on juvenile delinquency is analyzed. The problem aspects and prospects of juvenile criminal justice development are outlined. The emphasis is placed on the fact that state and public institutions of juvenile orientation use the materials of the development of criminologists during the planning and organization of preventive work, in the process of investigation and trial. These include subdivisions of the juvenile police, investigators, juvenalists, employees of educational colonies, temporary detention centers for minors, children, employees of children educational institutions of closed and open type, and others. It was found out that the study of the causes, factors, circumstances that determine juvenile crime, in the conditions of reforms seems particularly relevant. The method of studying and preventing these types of crime is an integral system, involves the participation of numerous actors and has the common goal of increasing the effectiveness of counteraction to crime, reducing the level of criminalization of the teenager`s environment. The solution of the problem of protecting children from criminality from the side of adults and their incitement activities involves combining efforts of state and public institutions, as well as the development of a consistent criminological policy in the field of juvenile delinquency prevention.
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