Mechanisms for Exempting Corporations from Criminal Liability for Antitrust Violations: Comparative Legal Aspect
Abstract
The purpose of the publication is to critically study the American law enforcement experience in terms of exempting corporations from criminal liability for violating US antitrust laws and to formulate relevant conclusions aimed at improving the domestic model of criminal law measures against legal entities. Methodology. The article uses the following scientific in an integrated mode: terminological, system-structural, formal-logical, comparative-legal. Scientific novelty. According to the results of a comparative analysis of the mechanisms of exemption of legal entities (corporations) from criminal liability for their violations of national antitrust law in the United States, it is determined that such grounds (conditionally effective remorse by a legal entity) are not provided in domestic criminal law; the author’s position is expressed that during the draft law work on section XIV-1 of the Criminal Code it is necessary to critically use the experience of the USA in the researched field. Conclusions. Section XIV-1 «Measures of a criminal nature of legal entities» of the General Part of the Criminal Code of Ukraine does not address the issue of encouraging positive post-criminal behavior of legal entities. Only Art. 96-5 «Grounds for exemption of a legal entity from the application of measures of a criminal nature» of the mentioned section addresses such grounds for exemption as the expiration of the statute of limitations for the application of measures of a criminal nature to a legal entity. At the same time, it is difficult to call this norm perfect because of its individual shortcomings and a certain «isolation» of legislative regulation. During the draft law work on the formal and substantive improvement of Section XIV-1 of the Criminal Code of Ukraine, certain elements of American practice should be more carefully elaborated and used in terms of the application of alternative mechanisms to criminal prosecution of organizations.
Keywords: economic crime; corporation; criminal liability; antitrust compliance; competition; abuse of position; procedural agreement.
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