Professional Crime as an Object of Criminological Research
Abstract
We tried to analyze the problems of professional crime as an object of criminological research. We also considered the main achievements of the past concerning the spectrum of issues related to professional crime. These issues are: essence, features, determinants, prevention measures, etc. It was determined that the problem of professional crime is a complex of criminological and criminal legal issues such as: purposed crime relapse, repetition of crimes, multiple occurrences of crimes, array of crimes, committing crimes like a form of income. It was stated that, despite of a significant number of foreign and domestic studies, the issues of professional crime remain one of the most complex, urgent and debatable problems of criminology.
In modern publications, the problem of professional crime is considered from a variety of positions as a separate type (kind) of crimes, or as part of a recidivism or organized crime. The term «professional crime» is still considered as conditional and uncertain.
It is noted, that the lack of general theoretical research about a professional offender and professional crime, leads to the fact that each researcher, based on empirical data (and sometimes without it), creates «his own» type of professional offender, adding to the already existing signs some new ones. In the end, this complicates the concept of professional criminal activity, justifying its features (that could differ from other types of unlawful behavior). At the same time, persistent criminal behavior is outwardly similar to any other professional activity. Therefore, it is quite appropriate to understand the concept of «professional crime» as a set of crimes committed by skilful persons who have chosen criminal activity in their profession.
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