Forensic Characteristics of Criminal Offenses in the Field of road Construction and Transport Operation: Meaning and Content
Abstract
Abstract. The article explains the forensic characteristics of criminal offenses in the field of road construction and transport operations. It is emphasized that taking into account its features is important when advancing investigative versions, planning investigative (detective) actions, determining areas of evidence, and using specialized knowledge, etc. It is substantiated that the specified category of criminal offenses is complex and heterogeneous, as it covers not only offenses against traffic safety and transport operations, but also actions in the fields of official activity, economic activity, the budgetary sphere, industrial safety, and labor protection. It is established that the forensic characteristics of such offenses have a pronounced complex nature and should include typical information about the subject of the offense, the method of commission, the circumstances, the trace picture, the identity of the offender, and the consequences. Particular attention is paid to encroachment as a key forensic characteristic. In the field of road construction and transport operations, encroachment can occur on roads, bridges, overpasses, road surfaces, vehicles, road construction equipment, construction materials, fuel and lubricants, budget funds, as well as design, technical, and estimate documentation. It is substantiated that, in many cases, the subject of encroachment is dual in nature, as it encompasses both material resources and budget funds obtained illegally through overestimating the cost of work, using cheaper materials, or falsifying documentation. The most typical ways of committing criminal offenses of this category are determined, including: violation of traffic rules and transport operation, violation of road construction technology, use of low-quality materials, entering false information into documentation, overstating the volume of work performed, embezzlement of budget funds, as well as the use of forged documents for admission to road construction work. It is emphasized that most such offenses are characterized by a long, multi-episode, and hidden mechanism for implementing criminal intent. The features of the trace picture and related items are revealed.
Keywords: criminal offense; forensic characteristics; road construction work; road safety; method of committing a crime; circumstances of the crime; instrument of the crime.
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