Aspects of Prevention of Offences in the Sphere of Bank Payment Cards’ Usage when Making Contactless and Internet Payments and their Classification
Abstract
The purpose of the article is to identify problematic issues in the prevention and qualification of offences related to the use of payment cards when making contactless and Internet payments, and to develop relevant recommendations. Methodology. While studying the issues, the authors used formal logic methods and special legal methods such as: comparative legal, system-structural and system analysis. Scientific novelty. The article describes the features of offences’ qualification and prevention in the sphere of using payment bank cards when making contactless and Internet payments. It is noted that the use by criminals of the latest technologies in carrying out the corresponding illegal activities creates new challenges for the law enforcement system and the state as a whole. The need for the introduction of an appropriate preventive response package is indicated. The issue of the use of RFID-technologies by criminals for the introduction of new forms of criminal activity in the economic sphere is actualized. The accumulated achievements of leading foreign and Ukrainian scientists on the classification of relevant criminal activity, in spite of the significant relationship of crimes in this sphere, are summarized. Certain issues in providing a legal evaluation, depending on the objective and subjective aspects of criminal offenses are identified. Various views on the forensic characteristics of the corresponding manifestations were processed; attention was focused on certain aspects of their latency. Conclusions. The authors examined the following types of Internet fraud using bank payment cards such as phishing, vishing and pharming. Their statistics are analyzed and the most common types of frauds in our country are highlighted: «sweepstakes and lotteries», «work on the Internet», «fake online stores» and «training materials». The most common ways to prevent them, to minimize the onset of illegal consequences, are identified. Separate measures of a preventive and reactionary nature are proposed to prevent the corresponding category of crimes in the national economy.
Keywords: electronic payment instrument; contactless bank payment card; bank account; phishing; vishing; pharming.
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