Legal Aspects of Employment of Highly Qualified Migrant Workers in the European Union
Abstract
The article analyzes the key changes in the secondary law of the European Union in the field of legal regulation of employment of highly qualified migrant workers. The purpose of the article is to analyze the legal aspects of employment of highly qualified migrant workers in the European Union on the basis of existing scientific achievements, legal acts and other sources. This sets a number of tasks, in particular: to clarify the specifics of the legal aspects of the employment of highly qualified migrant workers in the European Union; to reveal the essence of the EU Directive 2009/50 on blue cards and Directive 2016/801 on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purpose of research, training, retraining, volunteering, student exchange or educational projects and work on the au pair program; to identify current trends in the legal regulation of employment of highly qualified migrant workers in the European Union. The methodological basis of the article is marked by the use of the method of analysis and synthesis, the method of deduction and induction, the method of prediction and the method of modeling. Research of the legal aspects of the employment of highly qualified migrant workers in the European Union would also be impossible without the use of special methods, which include comparative law, historical law, formal law and structural-functional methods. Scientific novelty. Given the need for the European Union to attract highly qualified migrants, the reform of legislation governing the immigration of highly qualified migrants should be aimed at reducing barriers to entry and simplifying and harmonizing the admission procedure for highly qualified third-country nationals. In addition, a blue card does not have to be a temporary work permit. In this context, it is possible to propose an increase in the period of issuance of a blue card from three to five years, which will allow highly skilled migrant workers to obtain a permanent residence permit later in accordance with European Union law. Conclusions. Within the European Union, one of the reforms in the field of legal regulation of employment of highly qualified migrant workers was the adoption of the Blue Card Directive. The objectives of this Directive have been to regulate the migration processes of highly qualified immigrants in the European Union and to introduce a single application procedure for highly qualified immigrants. However, today the national immigration policies of the Member States of the European Union towards highly qualified workers differ significantly. That is, despite the fact that the Blue Card was introduced to attract highly qualified migrants to the European Union, most Member States are not ready to delegate decisions in this area to the supranational level of the European Union institutions. In this context, it is also important to transfer the legal regulation of highly qualified immigration to the supranational level of the European Union and to harmonize this area with the national legislation of the Member States of the European Union.
Keywords: migration; labor migration; third-country nationals; blue card; highly qualified migrants.
Downloads
References
Boswell C., Geddes A. Migration and Mobility in the European Union. New York : Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-9302.2011.00255_3.x.
Бурак С. Висококваліфіковані спеціалісти як категорія трудових мігрантів у праві Європейського Союзу. Університетські наукові записки. 2016. № 59. С. 310–320.
Chaloff J., Lemaitre G. Managing HighlySkilled Labour Migration: A Comparative Analysis of Migration Policies and Challenges in OECD Countries. OECD Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers. 2009. No. 79. doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1787/225505346577.
Communication from the Commission – Policy Plan on Legal Migration {SEC(2005)1680}/COM/2005/0669final/. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/TXT/?uri=celex:52005DC0669.
Council Directive 2003/109/EC of 25 November 2003 concerning the status of third-country nationals who are long-term residents. URL: https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/en/ALL/?uri=CELEX%3A32003L0109.
Дахова І. І. Обмеження реалізації прав і свобод людини: конституційне регулювання та практика Європейського Суду з прав людини. Форум Права. 2018. № 4. С. 17–25. doi: http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1467599.
Global Talent Competitiveness Index, 2020. URL: https://gtcistudy.com/the-gtci-index/.
Europe 2020 Strategy. URL: https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/europe-2020-indicators.
Hogarth T. COVID-19 and the Demand for Labour and Skills in Europe Early evidence and implications for migration policy. Migration Policy Institute. 2021. URL: https://www.migrationpolicy.org/research/covid-19-labor-skills-europe-migration-policy.
Колеснікова В. В. Особливості адаптації молодих фахівців до здійснення професійної діяльності. Експерт. 2019. № 3 (5). С. 235–246. doi: https://doi.org/10.32689/2617-9660-2019-3(5)-235-246.
Кортукова Т. Особливості правового регулювання ЄС у сфері легальної міграції та інтеграції мігрантів. Fundamental and applied researches in practice of leading scientific schools. 2019. № 4. С. 79–86.
Kortukova T., Kaminska N., Dei M., Blahodarnyi A. COVID-19: Regulation of Migration Processes in The European Legal Area. Cuestiones Políticas. 2020. Vol. 38. Р. 321–332. URL: https://produccioncientificaluz.org/index.php/ cuestiones/article/view/34328.
Přívara A., Rievajová E., Barbulescu A. Attracting High Skilled Individuals in the EU: The Finnish Experience. Migration letters. 2020. No. 17 (2). P. 369–377. doi: https://doi.org/10.33182/ml.v17i2.927.
Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on the conditions of entry and residence of third-country nationals for the purposes of highly skilled employment, 2016. URL: https://expat-elan.fr/images/10-textes-de-lois/commission-europeenne/2016/comm-eu_2016-06-07_COM-378_conditions-entry-third-country-nationals.pdf.
Самойленко О. Етичні засади формування службового права. Юридичний часопис Національної академії внутрішніх справ. 2020. № 1 (19). С. 68–72. doi: https://doi.org/10.33270/04201901.68.
Shachar A. The Race for Talent: Highly Skilled Migrants and Competitive Immigration Regimes. New York University Law Review. 2006. Vol. 81. P. 148–206.
Шишкіна Е. Повага до людської гідності в контексті війни: компенсація за завдану шкоду. Український часопис міжнародного права. 2019. № 1. С. 61–68. doi: https://doi.org/10.36952/uail.2019.1.61-68.
Смирнова К., Федорова А. Імплементація Угоди про асоціацію між Україною та ЄС у сфері трудових відносин: проблеми та перспективи. Український часопис міжнародного права. 2019. № 1. С. 69–78. doi: https://doi.org/10.36952/uail.2019.1.69-78.
Triandafyllidou A., Isaakyan I. EU Management of High-skill Migration. RSCAS Global Governance Programme Policy Briefs. 2014. No. 04. URL: http://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/34706/RSCAS_GGP_2014_04_ PolicyBrief.pdf?sequence=1.
Understanding Migration in the European Union: Insights from the European Migration Network 2008–2018. European Migration Network : [site]. URL: http://emn.ie/cat_publication_detail.jsp?clog=1&itemID=3144&t=6.
Abstract views: 234 PDF Downloads: 140
- Authors reserve the right to authorship of their own work and transfer to the magazine the right of the first publication of this work under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which allows other persons to freely distribute published work with mandatory reference to authors of the original work and the first publication of an article in this magazine.
- Authors have the right to enter into separate additional agreements on non-exclusive dissemination of the work in the form in which it was published in the journal (for example, to post an article in the institution's repository or to publish as part of a monograph), provided that the link to the first publication of the work in this journal is maintained.
- The journal's policy allows and encourages the posting of articles by authors on the Internet (for example, in electronic storehouses of institutions or on personal websites), both before the submission of this manuscript to the editorial office and during its editorial processing, as this contributes to the creation of a productive scientific discussion and positively affects the efficiency and dynamics of citing the published work.
