Subject of law enforcement activity in EU: theoretical and practical aspects

Abstract

The article is devoted to the study of the characteristics of law enforcement subjects with a view to their essential characteristics. The author offers to specify types of subjects and the corresponding criteria for classification. Analysis of the status of law enforcement subjects in European Union countries that are marked of national and supranacional importance is provided. In the view of the scientists there is no ambiguity in understanding the list of bodies that carry out law enforcement activities. It creates gaps in the scientific feature of conceptual development of the law enforcement system as well as to provide an unambiguous answer regarding the understanding of the nature of law enforcement, which is implemented to build authority. The subjects of law enforcement include justice secutor’s Office, State Security, internal affairs, other public authorities. Law enforcement agencies perform the internal functions of the State, with the task of counteracting threats to the rights and freedoms of the person, property, law. Most scientists focups on the activities carried out by authorized State bodies on the basis of law and according to the procedure by applying legal measures of impact.Researchers are considering in the wide sense the activity of subjects, aimed at ensuring human rights and freedoms enshrined in international legal documents (advocacy) and in the narrow sense as the activity of the State or its agencies to ensure the protection of rights and freedoms enshrined by the national legislation (law enforcement activities). In general, it is caused by human needs for a special kind of social activity that these functions are inherent not exclusively by State bodies NGOs. The study of the nature and essence of the person as an object and a subject of law enforcement is based on fact that person is characterized by nature using the provided rights and influencing the law enforcement relations. The experience of the EU countries testifies to the peculiar national historical traditions, economic, political, public and legal peculiarities specific development trends of police units based on of the abovementions. His study is of great importance for the domestic science, a successful reform of the law enforcement system.