Development of Ukrainian Forensic Medical Institutions in the First Half of the 20th Century
Abstract
The issue of development of forensic institutions in the territory
of Ukraine in the first half of the twentieth century was researched.
Until 1917, forensic medical examinations were conducted in the
medical facilities of the provincial administrations, at the departments
of forensic medicine of universities and in hospitals – by police
doctors. Departments of forensic medicine existed at the Kyiv
University of St. Vladimir, Kharkiv, Novorosiysk and Lviv Universities.
Real organization of Ukrainian forensic medical institutions
began in 1919, with the creation of the Medical Examination
Department at the People’s Commissariat of Health. In 1923, Main
forensic medical inspection, headed by M. S. Bokarius, was founded.
In the provinces positions of forensic medical inspector were created.
In 1927, sections of biological research were established in the
Kharkiv, Kyiv and Odesa institutes of scientific and forensic
expertise, where separate forensic examinations were conducted.
In 1949, institutions of forensic medical examination of the
USSR were merged into the Bureau of Forensic Medical
Examination, in Ukraine it was held in 1951.
It was proved that forensic institutions developed at the following
chronological stages: 1) until 1917 – forensic medical service in the
Ministry of Internal Affairs; 2) 1917–1941 – pre-WW II formation of
forensic medical institutions; 3) 1941–1949 – forensic medical
institutions during the WW II and in the first post-war years;
4) 1949–1990s – period of development of the bureau of forensic
medical examinations of the states of the USSR; 5) since the
1990s – development of expert institutions in the health care system
in independent post-Soviet states.
It’s stressed that formation of the forensic institutions in Ukraine
is closely linked with the development of forensic medicine
departments of higher educational establishments. Forensic
medicine departments were the basis for practical forensic medicine,
professors provided daily assistance to forensic medical experts.
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